描述

0100-77037 汽輪機(jī)安全監(jiān)測TSI系統(tǒng)

汽輪機(jī)監(jiān)控儀表(TSI)系統(tǒng)對汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、軸向位移、高低壓缸相對膨脹、偏心、絕對膨脹、軸承振動、軸瓦振動等重要汽輪機(jī)參數(shù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測和測量。當(dāng)測量值達(dá)到設(shè)定的報警值時，發(fā)出報警信號警告操作人員。當(dāng)達(dá)到設(shè)定的危險動作值時，輸出控制信號送ETS渦輪緊急中斷系統(tǒng)(發(fā)動機(jī)溫度開關(guān))跳閘。同時，TSI系統(tǒng)還可以將現(xiàn)場采集到的監(jiān)測信號通過其信號緩沖輸出接口發(fā)送給TDM水輪機(jī)振動分析系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)異常報警、故障診斷、故障查詢、計算分析等功能。因此，TSI系統(tǒng)的重要性不言而喻。

一、概述
目前國內(nèi)三大汽輪廠，生產(chǎn)660MW及以上汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，TSI系統(tǒng)一般都是進(jìn)口的，以德國epro、美國Bentley (BENTLY NEVADA)、瑞士Vibro-Meter三種設(shè)備最為常見。TSI系統(tǒng)由相應(yīng)的渦輪自動化控制公司根據(jù)具體的測量參數(shù)范圍進(jìn)行配置。但是，由于技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實施與電廠實施的不一致，系統(tǒng)配置普遍違反了《國家能源安全[2014]161國家能源局關(guān)于防止電力生產(chǎn)事故的二十五條重點(diǎn)要求》、《DL/T-261火電廠熱力自動化系統(tǒng)可靠性評價導(dǎo)則》，存在安全隱患。降低了熱力設(shè)備的可靠性，為發(fā)電機(jī)組的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行埋下了隱患。下面以某電廠660MW超臨界機(jī)組TSI系統(tǒng)配置為例，談?wù)務(wù)J識和看法。

2. 系統(tǒng)配置
汽輪機(jī)為國內(nèi)某公司生產(chǎn)的CLNZK660-24.2/566/566超臨界、1中間再熱、3缸4排汽、直接空凝式汽輪機(jī)。機(jī)組采用高、中壓、恒壓、定滑聯(lián)合啟動方式。TSI系統(tǒng)采用美國賓利公司生產(chǎn)的3500監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計由其下屬的自動化控制公司完成。系統(tǒng)配置2個3500/05儀表框，每個儀表框配置2個冗余3500/15電源模塊。為機(jī)架內(nèi)所有監(jiān)控模塊和外部傳感器、前驅(qū)提供工作電源，滿足機(jī)架內(nèi)所有負(fù)載需求。每臺儀器機(jī)架配有一個機(jī)架接口模塊3500/22，該模塊必須安裝在機(jī)架的第一個槽位(靠近電源)。每個儀表框架配置一個通信網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊3500/92，通過以太網(wǎng)TCP/IP和串行(RS232/RS422/RS485)通信協(xié)議，與DCS分散控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通信，將各框架的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)和狀態(tài)與過程控制等自動化系統(tǒng)集成。除上述基本模塊外，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的具體監(jiān)控功能模塊配置如下:
1、系統(tǒng)配置兩個鍵相模塊3500/25，每個鍵相模塊接收一個渦流傳感器輸入信號，并將該信號轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字鍵相信號。一張卡的關(guān)鍵相位輸出信號發(fā)送到偏心監(jiān)測模塊作為偏心測量系統(tǒng)的參考，另一張卡的關(guān)鍵信號輸出用于發(fā)送燃?xì)夤β式菧y量系統(tǒng)。
2、系統(tǒng)配備5個大軸相對振動檢測儀模塊3500/42M，每個模塊有4個輸入通道，用于測量1~ 9號汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸的X、Y方向振動并輸出運(yùn)行停機(jī)。在具體通道分布中，#1長軸X、Y方向、#2長軸X、Y方向振動分布在一張卡上，#3長軸X、Y方向、#4長軸X、Y方向振動分布在一張卡上，依次類推，振動保護(hù)采用單點(diǎn)保護(hù)、單繼電器輸出。
3、系統(tǒng)配備3個絕對軸承振動檢測模塊3500/42M，用于測量#1~#9汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸承蓋的振動。在具體通道分布中，#1、#2、#3、#4汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸承蓋振動分布在一個卡鉗上，#5、#6、#7、#8汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸承蓋振動分布在一個卡鉗上，#9汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)軸承蓋振動是一個單獨(dú)的卡鉗，報警輸出采用單點(diǎn)報警，單繼電器輸出，無停機(jī)保護(hù)。
4、系統(tǒng)配有變速/零檔sp

0100-77037 汽輪機(jī)安全監(jiān)測TSI系統(tǒng)

Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation (TSI) system monitors and measures turbine speed, axial displacement, relative expansion of high and low pressure cylinder, eccentricity, absolute expansion, bearing vibration, bearing cap vibration and other important turbine parameters. When the measured value reaches the set alarm value, an alarm signal is issued to warn the operator. When the set dangerous action value is reached, the output control signal is sent to the ETS turbine emergency interrupting system (Engine Temperature Switch) for tripping. At the same time, the TSI system can also send the monitoring signal collected on site to the TDM turbine vibration analysis system through its signal buffer output interface to achieve abnormal alarm, fault diagnosis, fault query, calculation and analysis, etc. Therefore, the importance of the TSI system is self-evident.

I. Overview
At present, the three major domestic steam turbine plants, the production of 660MW and above turbine generator units, TSI system is generally imported, with Germany epro, the United States Bentley (BENTLY NEVADA), Switzerland Vibro-Meter three equipment is the most common. The TSI system is configured by the respective turbine automation control company according to the specific range of measurement parameters. However, due to the inconsistency between the implementation of the technical standards and the implementation of the power plant, the system configuration is generally in violation of the “National Energy Safety [2014]161 State Energy Administration to prevent power production accidents of the twenty-five key requirements”, “DL/T-261 thermal Power Plant thermal automation system Reliability Evaluation Guidelines”, safety hazards. The reliability of thermal equipment is reduced, and hidden dangers are laid for the safe and stable operation of the generator set. The following takes the TSI system configuration of a 660MW supercritical unit in a plant as an example to talk about understanding and views.

2. System configuration
The steam turbine is CLNZK660-24.2/566/566 supercritical, one intermediate reheating, three cylinder and four exhaust steam, direct air condensing steam turbine manufactured by a domestic company. The unit adopts the combined starting mode of high and middle pressure, constant pressure and fixed-sliding operation mode. The TSI system uses the 3500 monitoring system produced by Bentley, USA. The design of the system is completed by its subsidiary automation control company. The system is configured with two 3500/05 instrument frames, and each instrument frame is configured with two redundant 3500/15 power modules. Provide working power for all monitoring modules and external sensors and precursors within the frame to meet all load requirements within the frame. Each instrument frame is equipped with a frame interface module 3500/22, in particular, the module must be placed in the first slot in the frame (next to the power supply). Each instrument frame is configured with a communication gateway module 3500/92, which integrates the monitoring data and status of all frameworks with process control and other automation systems through Ethernet TCP/IP and serial (RS232/RS422/RS485) communication protocols, such as data communication with DCS decentralized control system. In addition to the above basic modules, the specific monitoring function module of the system design is configured as follows:
1, the system is configured with two key phase module 3500/25, each key phase module receives one eddy current sensor input signal, and converts this signal to digital key phase signal. The key phase output signal of one card is sent to the eccentricity monitoring module as the reference of the eccentricity measurement system, and the key signal output of the other card is used to send the gas power Angle measurement system.
2, the system is equipped with 5 large shaft relative vibration detector modules 3500/42M, each module has 4 input channels, used to measure the X and Y direction vibration of the #1~#9 turbogenerator shaft and output the operation stop. In the specific channel distribution, the #1 major axis X, Y direction, #2 major axis X, Y direction vibration distribution on a card, #3 major axis X, Y direction, #4 major axis X, Y direction vibration distribution on a card, and so on, vibration protection using a single point protection, single relay output.
3, the system is equipped with 3 pieces of absolute bearing vibration detector module 3500/42M, used to measure the vibration of #1~#9 turbogenerator bearing cover. In the specific channel distribution, the #1, #2, #3, #4 turbo generator bearing cover vibration is distributed on a clamp, #5, #6, #7, #8 turbo generator bearing cover vibration is distributed on a clamp, #9 turbo generator bearing cover vibration is a separate clamp, the alarm output adopts a single point alarm, single relay output, no stop protection.
4, the system is equipped with a speed/zero sp

 

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