描述

1C31132G01 變頻器的VC控制方式的做法是將異步電動機在三相坐標(biāo)系下的定子電流

變頻器的VC控制方式的做法是將異步電動機在三相坐標(biāo)系下的定子電流Ia、Ib、Ic、通過三相－二相變換，等效成兩相靜止坐標(biāo)系下的交流電流Ia1Ib1，再通過按轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向旋轉(zhuǎn)變換，等效成同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的直流電流Im1、It1(Im1相當(dāng)于直流電動機的勵磁電流；It1相當(dāng)于與轉(zhuǎn)矩成正比的電樞電流)，然后模仿直流電動機的控制方法，求得直流電動機的控制量，經(jīng)過相應(yīng)的坐標(biāo)反變換，實現(xiàn)對異步電動機的控制。其實質(zhì)是將交流電動機等效為直流電動機，分別對速度，磁場兩個分量進(jìn)行獨立控制。通過控制轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈，然后分解定子電流而獲得轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁場兩個分量，經(jīng)坐標(biāo)變換，實現(xiàn)正交或解耦控制。矢量控制方法的提出具有劃時代的意義。然而在實際應(yīng)用中，由于轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈難以準(zhǔn)確觀測，系統(tǒng)特性受電動機參數(shù)的影響較大，且在等效直流電動機控制過程中所用矢量旋轉(zhuǎn)變換較復(fù)雜，使得實際的控制效果難以達(dá)到理想分析的結(jié)果。

變頻器的SVPWM控制方式是以三相波形整體生成效果為前提，以逼近電機氣隙的理想圓形旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場軌跡為目的，一次生成三相調(diào)制波形，以內(nèi)切多邊形逼近圓的方式進(jìn)行控制的。經(jīng)實踐使用后又有所改進(jìn)，即引入頻率補償，能消除速度控制的誤差；通過反饋估算磁鏈幅值，消除低速時定子電阻的影響；將輸出電壓、電流閉環(huán)，以提高動態(tài)的精度和穩(wěn)定度。但控制電路環(huán)節(jié)較多，且沒有引入轉(zhuǎn)矩的調(diào)節(jié)，所以系統(tǒng)性能沒有得到根本改善。

1C31132G01 變頻器的VC控制方式的做法是將異步電動機在三相坐標(biāo)系下的定子電流

The VC control method of the inverter is to convert the stator current Ia, Ib, Ic of the asynchronous motor in the three-phase coordinate system into the AC current Ia1Ib1 in the two-phase stationary coordinate system through the three-phase two-phase transformation, and then transform by directional rotation according to the rotor magnetic field. It is equivalent to the DC current Im1 and It1 in the synchronous rotating coordinate system (Im1 is equivalent to the excitation current of the DC motor; It1 is equivalent to the armature current proportional to the torque), and then imitate the control method of the DC motor, obtain the control quantity of the DC motor, and achieve the control of the asynchronous motor through the corresponding coordinate inverse transformation. In essence, the AC motor is equivalent to the DC motor, and the two components of the speed and magnetic field are independently controlled. By controlling the rotor flux linkage, and then decomposing the stator current, the torque and magnetic field components are obtained, and orthogonal or decoupled control is realized by coordinate transformation. The proposed vector control method has epoch-making significance. However, in practical application, because the rotor flux is difficult to be accurately observed, the system characteristics are greatly affected by the motor parameters, and the vector rotation transformation used in the control process of the equivalent DC motor is complicated, the actual control effect is difficult to reach the ideal analysis result.

The SVPWM control mode of inverter is based on the premise of the whole generation effect of three-phase waveform, and the purpose of approximating the ideal circular rotating magnetic field trajectory of the motor air gap is to generate three-phase modulated waveform at one time, and the control is to approximate the circle by the inner tangent polygon. After practical use, it has been improved by introducing frequency compensation, which can eliminate the error of speed control. The flux amplitude is estimated by feedback to eliminate the influence of stator resistance at low speed. The output voltage and current are closed to improve the dynamic accuracy and stability. However, there are many control circuit links, and no torque adjustment is introduced, so the system performance has not been fundamentally improved.

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